Glaucoma is often considered an eye condition that affects older adults, but it can also develop in young people, even children and teenagers. Known as juvenile glaucoma or early-onset glaucoma, this condition can lead to irreversible vision loss if not diagnosed and treated early.
Also, understanding the causes can help with early detection and effective management.
Here are some reasons young people have cases of glaucoma.
1. Genetic Or Hereditary Factors
A family history of glaucoma is one of the strongest risk factors for developing the disease at a young age.
Mutations in certain genes, such as the MYOC gene, have been linked to juvenile open-angle glaucoma.
✅ Tip: If glaucoma runs in your family, regular eye exams are essential—even from adolescence.
2. Congenital Eye Defects (Primary Congenital Glaucoma)
Some children are born with improperly developed eye drainage systems, causing fluid buildup and increased intraocular pressure (IOP) from birth.
✅ Signs in infants: Enlarged eyes, light sensitivity, and excessive tearing.
3. Eye Injuries Or Trauma
Injury to the eye, whether from sports, accidents, or physical impact, can damage the drainage angle, leading to traumatic glaucoma.
This can occur immediately or years after the injury.
✅ Advice: Always wear protective eyewear during activities that pose a risk to the eyes.
4. Prolonged Use Of Steroid Medications
Young people using steroid eye drops, inhalers, or creams for long-term conditions like asthma or eczema may experience increased IOP, a known risk for steroid-induced glaucoma.
✅ Tip: If you use steroids regularly, talk to your doctor about eye pressure monitoring.
5. Underlying Medical Conditions
Conditions such as juvenile diabetes, uveitis (eye inflammation), and high blood pressure can increase the risk of glaucoma by damaging the eye or affecting blood flow to the optic nerve.
6. Secondary Glaucoma
This type develops as a result of other eye diseases or surgeries.
Have You Read: Explained! How High Blood Pressure, Glaucoma, Diabetes Cause Blindness
Conditions like uveitis, tumors, or complications from cataract surgery can disrupt the normal flow of eye fluid.
7. High Myopia (Severe Nearsightedness)
Young people with extreme nearsightedness may have structural changes in the eye that increase the risk of developing glaucoma earlier in life.
Takeaways
Though less common, glaucoma in young people is real and serious.
Early symptoms can be subtle or even absent, which is why regular eye exams are crucial—especially if there’s a family history or any known risk factors.
Early detection can preserve vision and improve quality of life.